urtwn —
Realtek RTL8188CU/RTL8188EU/RTL8192CU/RTL8192EU USB IEEE
  802.11b/g/n wireless network device
The urtwn driver supports USB 2.0 wireless network
  devices based on Realtek RTL8188CUS, RTL8188CE-VAU, RTL8188EUS, RTL8188RU,
  RTL8192CU and RTL8192EU chipsets.
The RTL8188CUS and RTL8188EUS are highly integrated 802.11n
    adapters that combine a MAC, a 1T1R capable baseband and an RF in a single
    chip. They operate in the 2GHz spectrum only. The RTL8188RU is a high-power
    variant of the RTL8188CUS. The RTL8188CE-VAU is a PCI Express Mini Card
    adapter that attaches to the USB interface.
The RTL8192CU and RTL8192EU are highly integrated multiple-in,
    multiple-out (MIMO) 802.11n adapters that combine a MAC, a 2T2R capable
    baseband and an RF in a single chip. It operates in the 2GHz spectrum
  only.
These are the modes the urtwn driver can
    operate in:
  - BSS mode
- Also known as infrastructure mode, this is used when
      associating with an access point, through which all traffic passes. This
      mode is the default.
- IBSS mode
- Also known as IEEE ad-hoc mode or
      peer-to-peer mode. This is the standardized method of
      operating without an access point. Stations associate with a service set.
      However, actual connections between stations are peer-to-peer.
- Host AP
- In this mode the driver acts as an access point (base station) for other
      cards.
- monitor mode
- In this mode the driver is able to receive packets without associating
      with an access point. This disables the internal receive filter and
      enables the card to capture packets from networks which it wouldn't
      normally have access to, or to scan for access points.
The urtwn driver can be configured to use
    Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) or Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA-PSK and
    WPA2-PSK). WPA is the de facto encryption standard for wireless networks. It
    is strongly recommended that WEP not be used as the sole mechanism to secure
    wireless communication, due to serious weaknesses in it.
The urtwn driver can be configured at
    runtime with ifconfig(8) or
    on boot with
    ifconfig.if(5).
The driver needs the following firmware files, which are loaded when an
  interface is attached:
  - /libdata/firmware/if_urtwn/rtl8188eufw.bin
-  
- /libdata/firmware/if_urtwn/rtl8192cfw.bin
-  
- /libdata/firmware/if_urtwn/rtl8192cfwU.bin
-  
- /libdata/firmware/if_urtwn/rtl8192efw.bin
-  
 
The following adapters should work:
  - Airlink101 AWLL5088
-  
- Aus. Linx AL-9604R1S
-  
- ASUSTeK USB-N10 NANO
-  
- B-Link BL-LW05-5R
-  
- Belkin F7D1102 Surf Wireless Micro
-  
- D-Link DWA-121
-  
- D-Link DWA-131
-  
- D-Link DWA-133
-  
- D-Link DWA-135
-  
- Digitus DN-7042
-  
- Edimax EW-7811Un
-  
- EDUP EP-N8508
-  
- ELECOM WDC-150SU2M
-  
- Full River FR-W100NUL
-  
- Hercules Wireless N USB Pico HWNUp-150
-  
- IO-DATA WN-G150UMW
-  
- Netgear WNA1000A
-  
- Planex GW-USEco300
-  
- Planex GW-USNano2
-  
- Planex GW-USValue-EZ
-  
- Planex GW-USWExtreme
-  
- POWCHIP POW-N18
-  
- Sitecom N300 USB (WLA-2102 v1)
-  
- Sitecom WL-365
-  
- Solwise NET-WL-UMD-606N
-  
- TP-LINK TL-WN723N v3
-  
- TP-LINK TL-WN725N v2
-  
- TRENDnet TEW-648UBM
-  
 
The following ifconfig.if(5)
  example configures urtwn0 to join whatever network is available on boot, using
  WEP key “0x1deadbeef1”, channel 11, obtaining an IP address
  using DHCP:
nwkey 0x1deadbeef1 chan 11
dhcp
 
Join an existing BSS network, “my_net”:
# ifconfig urtwn0 192.168.1.1 netmask 0xffffff00 nwid my_net
 
  - urtwn%d: error %d, could not read firmware %s
- For some reason, the driver was unable to read the microcode file from the
      filesystem. The file might be missing or corrupted.
- urtwn%d: device timeout
- A frame dispatched to the hardware for transmission did not complete in
      time. The driver will reset the hardware. This should not happen.
Theurtwn device driver first appeared in
  OpenBSD 4.9 and in NetBSD 6.0.
The urtwn driver was written by Damien
  Bergamini ⟨damien@openbsd.org⟩ for
  OpenBSD and ported to NetBSD
  by NONAKA Kimihiro ⟨nonaka@NetBSD.org⟩.
The urtwn driver does not support any of the 802.11n
  capabilities offered by the adapters. Additional work is required in
  ieee80211(9) before those
  features can be supported.